Bullying Is Becoming A Silent Epidemic Essay - 1738 Words

Bullying is becoming a silent epidemic in the United States, not only affecting our children but adults as well. Adults can experience workplace bullying that involves verbal, physical, and mental mistreatment that can come from your manager or a co-worker. Bullying is an ethical problem that we see in our organizations affecting an employee’s morale and productivity. Bullying not only affects operations, but also affects employee’s health, and well-being, therefore, management should be aware of this aggressive behavior and know best practices and prevention. Bullying is a growing problem in the business industry that isn’t just a moral problem but managerial and economic problem as well. In project management, it’s important to make sure no one on your team is feeling bullied. If they feel this way, it could skew the outcome of the entire project causing employees to rush thru testing by rigging results to match what the project manager wants. A solution to workplace bullying is to start awareness in the organization, incorporate a zero tolerance policy, and implement a positive workplace culture. These solutions produce various ethical outcomes that will influence society and culture in a positive way. â€Å"Workplace bullying is defined as â€Å"the repeated less favorable treatment of a person by another or others in the workplace, which may be considered unreasonable and inappropriate workplace practice† (Healey, 2011. p. 39). Bullying is a form of harassment, and abusiveShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Taking Back Your Life Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesdamaged Self-Concepts. Arie Kaffman identifies early life adversities (ELA) as a silent epidemic (Kaffman 2009) through: â€Å"Interpersonal trauma ranging from maltreatment, interpersonal violence, abuse, assault, and neglect experiences encountered by children and adolescents, including familial physical, sexual, emotional abuse and incest; community-, peer-, and school based assault, molestation, and severe bullying; severe physical , medical, and emotional neglect; witnessing domestic violence;Read MoreGump Notes Essay7299 Words   |  30 Pagesreported annually; in 1952, polio reached its destructive peak with fifty-eight thousand new diagnoses. †¦ So many of those who had â€Å"recovered† from polio were left with twisted backs, withered limbs, bodies that no longer could run and play. †¦ Polio epidemics were second only to the atomic bomb in surveys of what Americans feared most (Pomerantz 1999). The monumental victory over polio by Dr. Jonas Salk (1914–1995)’s polio vaccine in 1955coincides with the time Forrest threw off his leg braces. The filmRead MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 Pagesphysical harm from an interaction or lack of an interaction by the parent or caregiver. This may be a single or repeated accident. * Overly aggressive behaviour * Distinctively shaped scars: * Temper tantrums/violence * Fear of parents/caregivers * Bullying of other children SEXUAL ABUSE Sexual abuse is the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not understand, unable to give informed consent, violation of the laws or sexual taboos. * Emotional withdrawal/distance * injuredRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDeveloping an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce

The Anti-Hero Essays - 2060 Words

Introduction Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Notes from the Underground (1864/2008) comes across as a diary penned by a self-described â€Å"spiteful† and â€Å"unattractive† anonymous narrator (p. 7). The narrator’s own self-loathing characterized by self-alienation is so obvious, that he is often referred to by critics as the Underground Man (Frank 1961, p. 1). Yet this Underground Man is the central character of Dostoyevsky’s novel and represents a subversion of the typical courageous hero. In this regard, the Underground man is an anti-hero, since as a protagonist he not only challenges the typical literary version of a hero, but also challenges conventional thinking (Brombert 1999, p. 1). Antiheroism Cuddon and Preston (1998) describe the†¦show more content†¦In particular his inactivity or withdrawal speaks to his opposition to established social norms and political persuasions (Matz 2004). Antiheroism in Notes from the Underground In its historical context Notes from the Underground was written at a time when Russian writers were attempting to revive opposition to Reformation. These writers emphasized the ills of â€Å"separation, egotism and autonomy† that permeated much of 19th century Russia (Golstein 1998, p. 194). Russian writers were expressing the opinion that humanity was lacking in meaningful direction. In this regard, Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground is a representation of the hero who embodied separation but invariably fails, thus embodying the concept of anti-heroism (Golstein 1998, p. 194). According to Barnhart (2005) Dostoevsky’s antihero was not just an assault on existing socio-political thought and norm, but was also a parody of Nikolai Chernyshevsky’s 1863 What is to Be Done? Chernyshevsky suggested in this work that man was by nature possessed of reason and was naturally cooperative with mankind so that he only did what he wanted if it was consistent with peace and harmony. Societal unrest and human struggles only occurred when man was not rational in the sense of cooperation with others. Barnhart (2005) explains that Dostoevsky’s antihero in Notes from the Underground therefore emerges as a direct challenge to Chernyshevsky’s perception of the rational man. BarnhartShow MoreRelatedAnti-Heros1411 Words   |  6 Pages COMM 246 04/11/2012 Modern Anti-Heroes In modern media violence is worshiped and the hero is not always a law abiding citizen. The anti-hero is becoming increasingly popular. Many anti-heroes are criminals. Writers have the ability to have their audience fall in love and care about an anti-hero. Looking up to these anti-heroes might have some devastating affects on society. Violent media, particularly movies, could very well have an affect on the number of violent crimes being committedRead MoreEssay on Hero-Anti Hero838 Words   |  4 Pagessaved. The word hero is passed around too much these days. A hero is not a football player that scores the game-winning touchdown or the goaltender who saves his team from a loss. A hero is usually an ordinary person that did extraordinary things. A true hero is really never a hero at all; at least not in their own mind. However, there are various cases today in which we see the exact opposites of these characters, the anti-heroes. The anti-hero is one who cannot be classified as a hero, for that saidRead MoreOdysseus: the Anti-Hero1534 Words   |  7 PagesOdysseus: The Anti-Hero Throughout Homer’s epic The Odyssey, Odysseus is a hero. In all myths and legends, a hero combats the â€Å"monsters.† In the typical story a hero is unselfish and fights to protect his people while the monsters are greedy powerful things that antagonize the people. Yet despite this typical storyline, if we read closely, we may conclude that Odysseus is actually the oppressive hero in many of these situations – provoking the â€Å"monsters† into fighting. The â€Å"monsters† in the OdysseyRead MoreRise Of The Anti Hero1786 Words   |  8 PagesRise of the Anti-Hero Through Cable and Subscription TV From Tony Soprano to Walter White to Don Draper the anti-hero seems to have replaced the classic hero on TV as a result of 3 following major influences. Over the past few decades, due to events of the world such as wars, attacks, natural disaster instilled a mistrust in establishments such as government and journalism, which is then reflected in the popular culture with the stories told on TV. The second major influence is the shift in FCC regulationsRead MoreHamlet As An Anti Hero998 Words   |  4 Pages How does the play connect with the audience when exploring Hamartia and Peripeteia in its depiction of Hamlet as an anti-hero? Hamlet is a Shakespearian tragedy written and published in approximately 1603; this play depicts the protagonist Hamlet as a gritty anti-hero with human flaws and qualities such as arrogance, apathy and paranoia. He is driven to fuel his revenge against King Claudius without regard to the others consideration because of his selfishness. Hamlet is frustrated with his mothersRead MoreHero s, Anti Hero, And Making Order1173 Words   |  5 PagesHero’s, Anti-Hero’s, and Making Order In The World In Greece: Heracles and Dionysus, part 4 of the Introduction to Mythology book, it gives a multitude of examples that describes both Heracles and Dionysus as Hero’s, Anti-Hero’s, as well as, helps portray how they make order in the world. Heracles and Dionysus are illegitimate sons of the Greek god Zeus who both eventually achieve divine status, albeit through two completely different paths. Heracles or more commonly known by the Romans as HerculesRead MoreRobert Ross the Anti-Hero1017 Words   |  5 PagesFindley place in Robert’s life is what molds him into the type of character he becomes. Timothy Findley manipulates what a hero is supposed to be, by making Robert Ross a distorted kind of hero. Robert Ross exemplifies anti-heroism throughout the text because of his need to be a savior but inability to do so, his morals and his connection with animals. Robert Ross becomes the anti-hero because of his need of to save others but inability to do so; Robert, himself, is not aware of the fact that all he wantsRead MoreAnti Hero Is Not A Curse Word?1188 Words   |  5 Pagescan you think of a deplorable, slanderous word that is not a curse word? One that comes to mind is Anti-hero,it comes to mind for me because it has been trending upon the American audiences thought upon the controversial figure Donald Trump,and that if he is or if he is not an Anti-hero? Firstly let’s try to explain what an anti-hero is. According to the American Heritage Dictionary entry of â€Å"anti hero†,an antihero is, â€Å"a protagonist who lacks conventional heroic qualities such as idealism, courageRead MoreThe Character Of Odysseus An Anti-Hero1705 Words   |  7 PagesTraditionally, a hero is the main character of a story and has noble qualities. In Homer’s Odyssey, the central character is the great Odysseus; however, Odysseus’s nobility is questionable on multiple accounts during the Odyssey. Odysseus almost fits the role of a character who is a strong leader, charismatic, and selfless, but under the microscope, he does not live up to hero status. Homer acknowledges Odysseus’s wit and wisdom through the accounts of other characters, but upon â€Å"meeting† him, heRead MoreDivergent Anti Hero Essay 1437 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Amanda Schnur ENG3U1 Ms. Kidd y-03-18 A Female Anti-Hero In the movie â€Å"Divergent† directed by Neil Burger, the central character Beatrice, shows many different characteristics of being an anti-hero. Beatrice Prior otherwise known as Tris is the main protagonist character and the narrator of the film. She is a strong willed 16 year old who lives in a society divided into groups called factions, based on individual human virtues. With her coming of age, she must now choose one of the factions

Venus in fur Free Essays

I sat next toccata Saunders parents, and to see how proud they were through out the show was a special thing to be a part of. Sonata for Cello and Plano by Claude Debussy, the first piece was Jazzy, then romantic, then mysterious. It really set the tone for the rest of the concert. We will write a custom essay sample on Venus in fur or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first piece really showed a lot of variety In the tones and tempos of the song. And it was so interesting to listen to because I never knew what was going to happen next. The second piece was a solo, and it was so inspirational. Cantor 1 2 for solo cello, by Morals Noble. Jacob was breathing hard, playing an overwhelming amount of notes all so fast. You could really see the passion in his face, and his entire body language. He is such a professional and advanced performer who clearly has a very bright future in his music career. This musical number was also one that threw curve balls at me, because of the continually changing tempo and tones from romantic to suspenseful. All the pieces were long in duration, and that really impressed me because it’s clear that they put in so much effort and time with practicing, and then performing perfectly. Music is a really powerful thing, and it was the most clear how much passion he has for what he does, and that’s what makes a great musician. His vibrato was impressive to watch, and it made me wish I had played cello longer. After intermission, Beets came back, which I was glad about because I love the sound of the cello and piano together; it’s absolutely beautiful. This piece was called Fretters for Cello and Piano by Arbor Part. The song was slow and quiet and It sounded familiar to me. The notes had so much flow, and the two performers vided so well together; always on the same page. There was such a good build on the song, and was really moving. The short amount of time the musicians have to change their page of music is so amazing to me, because It seems critical that they don’t mess up. And they TLD. Very professional. The last piece was my favorite because It was so beautiful. Sonata In C Major, pop. 119 by Serge Profile. It made me feel so fancy and classy. The whole show was romantic, but the last piece really stood out to my on the romance level. When the show was over, I was really happy that I had chosen this concert to attend, because it need up being my favorite. Venus in fur By Joyfully was great. White Christmas lights, and the position of the instruments made me feel like I was at a classy coffee shop in France. The cello and piano were the first instruments I ever learned how to play, and I went with a friend who plays the cello currently, so we both had a great appreciation for the show. I sat next to Jacob special thing to be a part of. Sonata for Cello and Piano by Claude Debussy, the first the concert. The first piece really showed a lot of variety in the tones and tempos of he song, and it was so interesting to listen to because I never knew what was going Fretters for Cello and Piano by Arbor Part. The song was slow and quiet and it sounded together; always on the same page. There was such a good build on the song, and page of music is so amazing to me, because it seems critical that they don’t mess up†¦ And they didn’t. Very professional. The last piece was my favorite because it was so beautiful. Sonata in C Major, pop. 119 by Sergei Profile. It made me feel so fancy and classy. How to cite Venus in fur, Papers

Marketing Plan for Coca Cola Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Marketing Plan For Coca Cola Australia? Answer: Introduction Developing a marketing plan includes many researches on different important sectors such as target customers and appropriate market. Marketing plan is a primary stage before sending the product for the market exposure. The plan is made in accordance to the marketing etiquettes, which is very much required while campaigning and marketing a new product (Hollensen 2015). This assignment would try to propose some strategies for a marketing plan for the Coca-Cola Company in Australia. The main purpose of this assignment would be to propose a marketing plan for varied range of products of Coca-Cola in Australia. Moreover, the paper would check every required parameter for a marketing plan development. Identifying market segment To identify the right market segment for the product is of utmost importance for the company. This is because of the fact that a particular product can never target the entire market. Moreover, this would reduce the affirmative control of the company on the customer base. Market segmentation does reduce the area of market and divides it into several segments, which helps the company concentrate on selective types of consumers. This further helps the company become more consumer specific, which is cost-effective as well as healthier for an improved business performance (Westwood 2016). Following are some of the necessary market segmentation for the Coca-Cola products: Psychographic segmentation This is one of the very important factors for segmenting the market as this includes segmenting consumers based on their lifestyles, interest and attitudes. The targeted consumer would be of the age group (14-43). However, it is not necessary that it is only limited to this age group. Moreover, those who are very health conscious and are diabetic patients, they would also be targeted. The chosen products are in varied range such as diet coke, Coca-Cola classic, Coca-Cola with Stevia and zero sugar coke. The chosen products are of different kinds such as low o sugar, zero on sugar and high on sugar. Moreover, the market segmentation would be done accordingly. The less sugar-contained products would be segmented by advertising the speciality into such market, which has health conscious customers in it (Boone and Kurtz 2013). Behaviouristic segmentation This kind of market segmentation targets those customers who are loyal to the brand. The company can use its available data on its existing customers for analyzing the potential loyal customers of the company (Terpstra, Foley and Sarathy 2012). Geographic segmentation This is the segmentation of products based on suitable geographic places for the products in concern. For example, Nestle promotes Nescafe in the colder parts of world for an entire long year; however, to other parts of world, the company goes with the winter season in particular. The market segmentation for the Coca-Cola would be those people of Australia who are living in comparatively hotter parts of the country such as Darwin, Brisbane, Sydney, Perth and Adelaide. These are some cities, which have high temperatures even during the winter season (Babin and Zikmund 2015). The Coca-Cola or any other soft drinks are always a good option for the people living in some hotter parts of world. People living in the hotter parts of world finds thing difficult to adjust to the hotter weather condition. They then do some alternative option to provide them some sort of relieves from the scorching heat of Sun. For example, they wear cotton made clothes, which is a bad a bsorber of sunlight and hence, it is a good resource of less heat. On a same note, people living in hotter parts of world find beverages as a better option against scorching heat. Nevertheless, Coca-Cola is one of the kinds of beverage, which people living in some hotter parts of world finds suitable to their needs (Baker 2014). Figure 1: Market Segmentation Source: (Boone and Kurtz 2013) Suitable market targets The suitable target market is very important in reaching to the targeted industry. To launch a product, it is imperative to reach to the targeted industry. For the marketing of Coca-Cola, the targeted market would be the Beverages industry. In the beverages market, people have different choices such as wine, bear, energy and health drink and soft drinks (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). Figure 2: Suitable Market Target Source: (Palmer 2012) Needs analysis Different products serve different needs such as Coca-Cola with Stevia and Zero Sugar Coke is less harmful for the diabetic patients. The highly growing concerns towards the health conscious activities are binding up customers with the essence of healthcare diets. Nevertheless, soft drinks such as Coca-Cola and other competitors can never serve the purpose of health betterment. People have now become habituated of having cold drinks at different occasions such as at parties, at social gatherings and the personal fulfilment. This is something, which has attracted the Coca-Cola Company towards the marketing of its different products in Australia, as it has both for the health conscious people and for those who love to enjoy (Armstrong et al. 2014). SWOT analysis Strengths Widely popular company Wide range of products and relevant customers loyalty to the companies Brand value Weaknesses Rising case of obesity Rising concerns for the healthier drinks Opportunities Large number of hotter cities in Australia Industry is growing Threats Product imitation as the concept can be easily copied by some other competitors such as Pepsi Customer behaviour, which is highly volatile in nature Table 1: SWOT analysis Source: (created by author) The company is basically a manufacturer of different kinds of soft drinks; however, the changing dimensions of the world and the changing drinking behaviour of customers are a potential threat to the product. People now days are more inclined towards health drinks. They are less driven towards the normal soft drinks. The only major driven point towards the soft drinks is the weather conditions and the lifestyles of the Australian people. These are the two factors, which is the main sell point for irrespective kinds of soft drinks in the market (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). Market environment analysis PESTLE analysis Political The local government of Australia is very supportive to the different kinds of industries in the country During the recession in the year 2007, US and European countries did feel the heat of recession but Australia could somehow manage its resources The local government of Australia hardly intervene in the industrial affairs, which is a good sign for the new product launch Political condition is very stable in the country, which is a good sign for the new product launch Economy Highly notable capital growth in the country is a good sign for the new product launch Hold good during the time of recession in the year 2007 Stable economy Social People are adequate with the usage of Stevia as they have already used this in their regular drinks at home High consumption rates Good number of rich family Technology The local government is well supportive in nature It funds around 55% to the advancement of technology Have efficient research development centres such as CSIRO Technical advancement are attracting other companies towards the same product and thereby enhancing the market competition Environmental Notable number of hotter cities such as Darwin Notable number of hot cities during the time of winter such as Sydney Suitable climatic conditions for the consumption of cold drinks Legal Consumption and selling of cold drinks at different schools is prohibited The local government believes that soft drinks are a good resource to several medical disease such as Obesity Table 2: Market Environment analysis Source: (created by author) The market environment analysis of Australia clearly suggests that Coca-Cola should restrict its customer base with the proposed product launch and it should confine this to a limited number of customers. This should never include school children as selling of cold drinks at school premises is highly prohibited. However, the technological advancement and the flourishing economy of the country can encourage the company for the marketing of the products (Palmer 2012). This is because of the fact that the GDP growth per capita of the country is amongst the top countries, which performed better than some big names such as UK and US during the recession in 2007. This further means that average people in the country is capable enough of enjoying their lives, which also mean that they are highly inclined towards the every medium of luxury. The stable local government is also a handful weapon for the success of Coca-Cola (Kotler et al. 2015). Marketing mix Product 1. Coca-Cola Classic 2. Coca-Cola Zero Sugar 3. Coca-Cola with Stevia 4. Coca-Cola Mini Cans Price 1. Starting from AU$3.20 2. Starting from AU$3.50 3. Starting from AU$7.50 4. Starting from AU$8.50 Place Hot cities in Australia such as Brisbane, Darwin, Perth, Sydney and Adelaide Promotion PR campaign Online advertisements Newspaper advertisements Table 3: Marketing Mix Source: (Singh 2012) The products would be in several varieties, which include but are not limited to such as Coca-Cola Classic, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar, Coca-Cola with Stevia and Coca-Cola Mini Cans . The products would be launched on the selective regions initially. The places are such as Sydney, Perth, Brisbane and Darwin. This is because of the fact that these places have very hot climate even during the winter season. The launch of the product would be done by using some selective marketing communication tools such as PR and Advertisements (McKenzie-Mohr 2013). Figure 3: Marketing Mix Source: (Singh 2012) Conclusion The marketing planning for the different Coca-Cola products give a clear indication towards a fact that the product has its own customer base, which is based in different hot regions in Australia. However, defining the success of the product is hard to predict. This is because of the fact that the customers desire is volatile in nature. They sometimes throng to cold drinks to have some relief from the summer hot. However, they are also inclining towards the health related drinks such as Red Bull. The highly incrementing danger of cold drinks on the health is a concern for the new product launch. However, the socio-cultural lives in Australia do favour the flourish of the industry. The socio-cultural factors that exist in Australia is highly favouring to the successful marketing and outcomes of the different products of the Coca-Cola. Most of the Australian cities are hot regions such as Darwin, Perth, Sydney etc. These cities have high temperatures even during the winter season. Ther efore, the higher temperatures in most notable parts of Australia and their social lives are all a potential factors for the success of the business. Nevertheless, the products would face stiff competition from some other brands heath drinks such as Red Bull. The growing concern for healthier drinks is the one problem, which can make situations tough for the success in Australia References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Baker, M.J., 2014.Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Boone, L.E. and Kurtz, D.L., 2013.Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015.Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. McKenzie-Mohr, D., 2013.Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to community-based social marketing. New society publishers. Palmer, A., 2012.Introduction to marketing: theory and practice. Oxford University Press. Singh, M., 2012. Marketing mix of 4Ps for competitive advantage.Journal of Business and Management,3(6), pp.40-45. Terpstra, V., Foley, J. and Sarathy, R., 2012.International marketing. Naper Press. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press. Westwood, J., 2016.How to write a marketing plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012.Strategic marketing management. Routledge.

The cybernetic model of organization

This paper provides a conceptual approach to solve problems of governance, management, and leadership in an academic institution in order to improve on; accountability, student enrollment, and cost reduction. An institution should develop a new approach to governance, management and leadership that is based upon a cybernetic model (Birnbaum, 1991).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The cybernetic model of organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The cybernetic model approach is important because it suggests how other subsystems in an institution function simultaneously, in all types of colleges and universities, to enhance a self correcting institution. The self correcting process of an institution focus on a control structure that is defined in terms of a signaling mechanism to monitor acceptable changes that can enhance fundamental changes within an institution. There are four main models of insti tutional governance that are crucial in the evolving literature of higher education. These models include; the institution as a bureaucracy, a collegial system, a political system, and an organized anarchy. These models assist in the analysis of an organizational structure of an institution. Organizations are composed of three levels of control and responsibility. These comprise of the technical level, the institutional level, and the managerial level. The managerial level is important because it provides a link between the technical level and the institutional level and buffers the technical level against problems of funding, fluctuations in student enrollments and political interference (Birnbaum, 1991). According to Birnbaum (1991), the technical level should ensure rationality in decision making and should also encompass bureaucracy in management. The technical level in an institution comprises of elements that turn inputs, such as, students, finances, and societal expectations, into outputs, such as, graduates, knowledge, service and status. In an educational institution, inputs in an open system are more complex and encompass various components like; different ideologies, individuals, resources, as well as, other subsystems (Birnbaum, 1988). Moreover, a faculty should make transformations in response to the technological advancements and the institution should develop an effective administrative system, technical system, and improve the learning environment. Putting more emphasis on the technical system ensures that an institution will transform the inputs into outputs in a process through which teaching, research and other services are accomplished. Teaching and research are the most basic elements that pose a greater degree of uncertainty to most institutions. According to Birnbaum (1991) an academic institution should work in an environment that uses modern technology with an effective governance system. An Institution should respond to an environment that provides a new face on both economic and social terms, as well as, political and physical character.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The differences in a college environment are equivalent to its technical subsystems, therefore, an institution should improve on teaching, research and services, in order to, enhance technological innovations by allocating more effort to the technical level. School enrollment should be based on a policy that supports open admissions and that puts emphasis on remedial education that is not present in other selective institutions. In addition, an institution should hire more PhD holders in order to realize professionalism in service delivery. According to Birnbaum (1991), this will enhance a distinct pattern of technology in the institution’s operations. The technical chore and the managerial systems should work together by incorpor ating technology to improve the process of institutional management. A stable management system is appropriate when change is not frequent in an institution and in situations where problems persist. Therefore an institution should incorporate a centralized decision making process with specific planning to achieve its vision and mission. This calls for a cybernetic model to be utilized in the technical level in this type of an environment. When an institution experiences frequent problems, technology will be required in order to realize minimized centralization. Thus, in order to manage finances, increase student enrollment, increase the use of information technology, and to foster accountability in the management of an institution, adaptive technology provides the best option. An institution should design an organizational structure that comprises of a coordinated management process, in order to, achieve its plans and to enhance accountability within its operations. Furthermore, stu dents’ enrollments and economic cost reductions can be improved by hiring adjunct faculty. An institution should transform its organizational structure, in order to, meet the modern faculty requirements. Therefore, an instructional model is important than the learning model because it leads to fundamental changes in the responsibility of a faculty. The faculty should facilitate the creation of an appropriate environment for students from diverse backgrounds to learn. This will entail the use of technology to include the application of distance learning that will enhance a new measure of productivity.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The cybernetic model of organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, an institution should hire professionals to operate in a decentralized manner, in order to, realize fundamental changes in organizational structure. These will foster a fundamental cha nge in the role of the technical core that comprises of the structure and design, technology and operations, as well as, human resources. In conclusion, the cybernetic model is an important tool that can be employed to achieve the desirable changes in an institution. It provides direction through self-regulation that may be accomplished through the use of cybernetic controls. It is a self correcting mechanism that closely monitors an organization’s functions by providing signals to participants when things are not operating well (Marcus, 1997). A cybernetic institution provides an effective leadership that functions according to the cybernetic principles. The cybernetic principles can influence an organizational constraint and when the model is combined with effective leadership skills, it creates an environment that fosters fundamental changes in an institution (Alfred, 1998). References Alfred, R., L. (1998). Shared governance in community colleges. Education commission of the states: Policy paper, 1-8. Birnbaum, R. (1988). How colleges work: The cybernetics of academic organization and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Birnbaum, R. (1991). Effective administration and leadership in the cybernetic institution. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Marcus, L., R. (1997). Restructuring state higher education governance patterns. The review of higher education, 20(4), 399-418.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This critical writing on The cybernetic model of organization was written and submitted by user Vivienne Hull to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Black Women essays

Black Women essays In the essay In Search of Our Mothers Gardens, Alice Walker created a sense of literary tradition among black women by providing wisdom for the past, with her discussion of artistic role models. This essay has a lot interesting of themes such as spirituality, creativity, oppression of black women, and respect. Black women have shown to be highly spiritual and creative but society has oppressed them by not giving them the freedom to create art. They have suffered because of unfulfilled potential and their sorrow supports Walkers perspective of black womens treatment by society. She though that black women sang, told stories and gardened in order to express their spirituality because they were impeded to perform art on a greater level. Walker starts this essay with a quote from Jean Toomers writing. This quote showed that men were aware of black womens artistic talent and that they were hold back just to serve men and have low statuses. In Toomers quote he states, I talked, beautifully I thought, about an art that would be born, an art that would open the door for women the likes of her. I asked her to hope and built up an inner life against the coming of that day (128). Toomer agrees that black women can become artists because they all have talent and invites them to hope and never give up because sooner societys roles for black women will expand with better opportunities. Black mothers and grandmothers needed to stop listening to men and society and start listening to each other if they wanted to fulfill their artistic potential. Walkers essay shows various types of oppression. Toomer agreed that women were seen as the mule of the world and couldnt show their talents to the world because they werent allowed to. He said They stumbled blindly through their lives: creatures so abused and mutilated in body, so dimmed and confused by p...

Fair Use Defense - Eastside Movies Inc vs Manny Goldstein Case Study

Fair Use Defense - Eastside Movies Inc vs Manny Goldstein - Case Study Example Under the four-factor test, it appears that Manny Goldstein may not successfully claim fair use.   While Goldstein may pass some parts of the four-factor test, it is very unlikely that he will pass each part.   The four-factor test provides that in determining whether or not the fair use defense can bar a claim in copyright infringement four factors will be taken into account.   Those factors include the â€Å"purpose and character of the use.†Ã‚   In this regard, it will be important to determine whether or not the use of the material was for commercial â€Å"or nonprofit educational purposes.†Ã‚   Certainly, Manny Goldstein can pass this part of the test since he was conducting research as a media researcher and not for commercial purposes.   He was looking to devise a system to run his DVD player on a computer running the Linux operating system.   The sole purpose was to copy parts of movies for his research on media effects.The remaining three factors unde r the four-factor test are the nature of the copyrighted work.   According to the facts, the copyright material is movies and this is directly related to Goldstein’s research.   Again, Goldstein can succeed under this part of the fair use test.  Ã‚   However, in ascertaining fair use, the account will also be taken of the â€Å"amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole†.   Since Goldstein has made his copying device available on the internet, he has made it possible for the world at large to gain access to Eastside’s movies and this would seriously undermine the company’s sales and income from these films.   This of course ties in with the fourth and final factor test which considers the impact on the market value. (Harper and Row v Nation Enterprise (1985).

Transformational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Transformational Leadership - Essay Example Some of the factors were the rapid changes in technology, an increase in the circulation of products from recently industrialized nations, increased competitiveness among the competitors, pricing strategy in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) being volatile, and changing market structures led to a strong, volatile and competitive atmosphere in which important changes in the organization were crucial. Downsizing and adopting of new types of business agreement were the most common changes carried out. Therefore these changes took their toll on employee empowerment and satisfaction. This broke the old social agreement that had long term employment and in exchange get the employee's loyalty (Griffin 2003, p. 1). Secondly, in the 1970s, we had the contingency theory on leadership. The theory on leadership was established in research of behaviors, character, and circumstances and did not account for several untypical features in leaders (Simic 1998, p. 50). These are the fact tendencies that led to the realization of the theory of transformation.Odom and Green (2003), based on research and the analysis of a number of legal cases, claim that when the concept of transformational leadership is used in ethical dilemmas that managers face there is less litigation and better moral results than if the transactional approach to values that is common was used. Within academic surroundings, as a result of transformational leadership, instructors are more likely to work together and are perceived.

Global Managerial Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global Managerial Economic - Essay Example As a result of the supplemental agreements signed in 1993, NAFTA highlights the protection of environment and human resources recognizing that the entry of companies into the nations’ territories endangers them (NAFTA 1-5). The twelve year institution of NAFTA has changed the economic landscape of Mexico. Trade barriers have been significantly reduced in order to facilitate the entry of goods and services within the country’s borders. It can be recalled that prior to NAFTA, Mexico’s tariff reaches an average of 10%. This high level is reduced to the prevailing 2.9%. Empirical data also shows the significant improvement in the flow of goods between US and Mexico. In dollar terms, exports of goods to Mexico prior to NAFTA tripled in the third quarter of 2000. US imports from Mexico also tripled from 1994-2003. Exports now constitute a huge portion of the country’s GDP (The Effects of NAFTA on US-Mexican Trade and GDP 3). Trade liberalization has benefited the Mexican customer by providing more choices in the market. The reduction in tariff and other trade barriers consequently lower the prices of commodities. It should also be noted that the free flow of goods and services between the NAFTA participants significantly improved Mexico’s balance of payments. More jobs have also opened in order to support the larger export requirements. The NAFTA also facilitates the inflow of foreign direct investment from the United States and Canada. Recognizing that business organizations can take advantage of the lower input and labor costs, manufacturers are now locating their plants in Mexico. FDI inflow in Mexico after NAFTA has substantially mounted. In fact, the year 1996 brought $800 million private foreign direct investment which represents almost two times the country’s GDP (Study on the Operation 1). However, the proliferation of foreign firms operating in Mexico has brought about

Discussion on the importance of classroom management

Discussion on the importance of classroom management The main question that goes through every teacher after each of his or her lesson would certainly be, Have I done my job effectively? Normally, I can tell whether a lesson has gone well or the opposite. As much as I love sharing knowledge with my students, my experience of merely two years of college teaching has taught myself that it must go hand-in-hand with good management of my classroom. Good classroom management translates into effective teaching which promotes healthy teaching and learning environment. This, in turn, will facilitate both students and teacher in achieving the main principle of learning. Although classroom management would generally be imperative to teachers, a research by Fowler Ã…Å ¾araplÄÂ ± (2010) found that it is also important to students. Therefore it is a significant skill that teachers should acquire (Stoughton, 2007). Classroom management is important primarily in achieving optimal learning. Current teaching practices are more student-oriented where in due course the students will get the most out of the teaching and learning process. This is accomplished by creating a positive learning environment for the students. Students learn best when they are comfortable with their surroundings especially through the building of strong student-teacher relationship. In an article by Marzano Marzano (2003), they highlighted the finding of their study which indicates that the teachers who had a good relationship with their students had 31 percent fewer discipline problems, rule violations and related problems over a years time compared to those who didnt. This provides evidence that strong student-teacher bonding helps the teacher in dealing with problems and misbehaviour among students. By building a strong relationship with students, the positive learning environment has taken place and so the teachers can expect active participation in class. The last thing a teacher would want is when he or she is hoping for a response from the students, but didnt receive any. I found it very useful to remember the names of each of my students and I would try my best to identify each of them by the end of first month class meeting. I discovered that it is an excellent way in obtaining students involvement in class. In a way, I wanted to show that they are of significant individuals to me and also there is no favouritism in my class where the teacher will only remember two or three names of selected few. The students will usually be more proactive to give their thoughts and feedbacks during and after lessons. Subsequently, I will know how effective my teaching has been and how effective the learning has taken place. Students and teacher can be thought of as a team where teamwork and cooperation plays a vital role in achieving team goals. This cooperation can be obtained with the teachers good management skills in the classroom. The teacher will need the support from his or her students in order to deliver lesson on his or her best effort. Therefore, students cooperation in avoiding any misconduct during lessons is much needed by the teacher. Of course the teacher should be firm in handling these kinds of behaviour, but prevention is better than cure. I would try as much as possible to avoid using anger as a counter measure because it will end up straining the relationship built with the students. Ultimately to steer clear of the situation, I know that it is best to tell the students first hand of what I deem is acceptable and what is not. In addition to helping the teacher doing his or her job effectively, students cooperation developed through classroom management can also mould students into young citizens. Metzger (2000) suggests that in a democratic society, the teacher can use classroom management strategies to define the students as good citizens in the near future. This can be done by bringing up the concept of power sharing. The students will be given responsibilities on their own behaviour and making their own decisions, not just following orders. This will also benefit the teachers in a sense that they will feel less pressured because of the constant need of monitoring the students. In fact, they can have the opportunity to really work together with their students. Adequate preparations and properly lay out plans of conducting lessons is also a form of classroom management that is important in designing a positive classroom climate. A positive classroom climate is another key benefit of true classroom management. Checking the overall condition of the classroom before meeting the students is very important to make sure that the facilities provided can be used as effective teaching aids. The teacher can also anticipate potential problems that may occur during lessons due to uncomfortable settings in the classroom. Instead of just cancelling class and replacing them, the teacher can plan ahead what could be done or has a backup plan in case something didnt go as initially planned. This will greatly improve the teachers teaching in the future and gaining experience in managing future classes. Finally, classroom management is also a good way to get off to a right start with students. First day of class is the best time to communicate rules and procedures, explaining the syllabus and expectations. Some teachers will also begin the first day of class with ice-breakers or fun activities so that the students feel excited and will look forward to attending future meetings. It also creates opportunity for the teacher and students to get to know each other better which will help in building quality student-teacher relationship. Last semester I did an activity which benefited my students and myself, which is identifying what type of learning styles we have. It helped me to tailor fit my teaching approach to suit particular group of students and also helped the students to focus more on their strong points. Conclusively, classroom management is important because it is one of the aspects of effective teaching. Effective teaching will take place when a positive learning environment has been created. Of course this relies on a good bond between the students and the teacher which can be built with a proper management of the first day of class. By clearly stating the rules and teachers expectations of the students, the teacher will find no problem in obtaining students engagement in class. Proper classroom management is of great importance to the students, as it is for the teachers. At the end of the day, hopefully after successfully implementing classroom management strategies, the teacher can safely say, Yes, I have done my job effectively.

Mother’s Comforting Gray Gun :: Personal Narrative Profile

Mother’s Comforting Gray Gun I lay on my side with one socked foot dangling off the edge of the bed, looking down at Mom on the floor. She lay on a pallet of itchy, green army blankets my dad "borrowed" from his tour in Vietnam. No matter how many times they were washed, the blankets always smelled like smoke and machine oil; I had never seen them used anywhere but the floor. It took a while for my eyes to adjust to the dark, but when they finally focused, I could easily follow along the profile of my mother's distinctive nose. The Torres Nose, a nose passed down from her father and his father before him--a nose I am now glad I did not inherit. She lay perfectly still looking beautiful and peaceful, hands at her sides as if asleep. I knew better, Mom never slept when Dad worked out of town, she was practicing. Eight seconds was the time to beat, and if anyone could beat it, it was my mother. Mom had a steely determination much like the .357 Magnum kept under her pillow. It took a full three seconds to slide her right hand up under her head, two seconds to secure her palm around the grip and place her finger on the trigger, another two seconds to roll up on one knee, and one second more to steady herself by jutting out her leg to the side, a move I am positive she stole after watching Farah Fawcett in Charlie's Angels. She would run through the exercise many more times before morning came. My mother's late night drills continued until 1983. That year, our city established emergency 9-1-1 service, and Mom believed the police could now protect us from would-be intruders. Still, she bragged her response time was a lot faster. The first Saturday morning of the month, if she hadn't stayed up practicing the night before, Mom and I would head over to a turquoise-and-pink cinderblock building that sold baked goods, tennis shoes, candles, cassette tapes, and meat. Spanish polkas played on the radio while an old woman with mismatched eyes sat in a folding chair near a box fan. I shuffled my feet along the floor making scraping noises with my shoes as I went. The linoleum was grainy with dirt that nearly hid the checkerboard pattern. As my mother placed her order, I used the black and white tiles to play my own version of hopscotch.

My Home by Dr. Jose Rizal Essay

I had nine sisters and one brother.My father,a model of fathers,had given us an education in proportion to our modest means.By dint of frugality,he was able to build a stone house,to buy another,and to raise a small nipa hut in the midst of a grove we had,under the shede of banana and other trees. There the delicious atis displayed its delicate fruit and lowered its branches as if to save me the trouble of reachich out for them.The sweet santol,the scented and mellow tampoy,the pink makopa vied for my favor.Father away,the plum tree,the harsh but flavorous casuy,and the beatiful tamarind pleased the eye as much as they delighted the palate. Here the papaya streatched out its broad leaves and tempted the birds with its enermous fruit;there the nangka,the coffee,and the orange trees perfumed the air with the aroma of their flowers.On this side the iba,the balimbing,the pomegrante with its abundant foliage and its lovely flowers bewitched the senses;while here and there rose elegant and majestic trees loaded with huge nuts,swaying thier proud tops and gracefull baranches,queens of the forests. I should never end were I to number all our trees and amuse my self in identifying them. In the twilight innumerable birds gathered from every where and I,a child of three years at most,amused my self watching them with wonder and joy.The yellow kuliawan,the maya in all the varieties,the kulae,the Maria kapra,the martin,all the species of pipit joined the pleasant harmony and raised in varied chorus a farewell hymn to the sun as it vanished behind the tall mountains of my town. Then the clouds,through a capris of nature,combined in a thousand shapes,which would suddenly dissolve even as those charming days were also to dissolve,living me only the slightest recollections.Even now,when I look out of the window of our house at the splendid panorama of twilight,thoughts that arelong since gone renew themselves with nostalgic eagerness. Came then the night to unfold her mantle,somber at times,for all its stars,when the chaise Diana failed to coures trought the sky in pursuit of her brother Apollo.But when she appeared,a vague brightness was to be dis-cerned in the clouds:then seemingly they would crumble;and little she was to be seen,lovely,grave,and silent,rising like an immense globe which an invisible and omnipotent hand drew through space. At such times my mother gathered us all together to say the rosary. Afterward we would go to the azotea or to some window from where the moon could be seen,and my ayah would tell us stories,sometimes  lugubrious and at other times gay.In which skeletons and buried treasures and trees that bloomed with diamonds were mingled in confusion,all of them born on an imagination wholly Oriental.Sometimes she told us that men lived on the moon,or that the markings which we could percieve on it were nothing else than a woman who was forever weaving.

Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes The WritePass Journal

Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes Introduction Sustainable development toward an eco-build homes IntroductionAim and ObjectiveClimate ChangeSustainable DevelopmentLiterature ReviewConclusionRelated Introduction Sustainability in construction is a common issue today, ranging from sustainable design to sustainable technologies. These issues have made the United Kingdom’s Government push forward for alternative advances in various technologies and renewable energies. The government are also looking for any other strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions because the scientific evidence shows that the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions are growing rapidly in UK. Due to 47% of the national energy consumption that is used by the UK homes and domestic buildings regardless of when lighting, appliances and buildings are energy efficient as well as having zero carbon technologies are installed. Due to the higher rate of energy consumption that homes in United Kingdom’s generate, the government came out with an idea that, all newly built homes in England and Wales should be built to zero carbon by 2016. By progressively tightening the energy efficiency building regulations by 25% in 2010; and by 44% by 2013 leading up to the zero carbon target in 2016. Aim and Objective The aim and objective of this project is to design a three bedroom family house that will achieve code level 6 zero carbon footprint. This can be done by using a sustainable and eco friendly materials. Research will also carried out on current zero carbon homes project and also looking into the past project that has already achieved code level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Climate Change The word of climate change is one of the biggest threats to the global environment especially to the developed country like UK. It needs an urgent and radical response if we want to secure and enhanced our prosperity and quality of life. The uses of fossil fuel (oil, coal and gas) for energy and transport has already damage our climate and as a result of this, the climate change is already having impact on our live and is expected to destroy the live hoods of many people in the developing world as well as ecosystem and species, The research carried out shows that greenhouse gasses is the main contributors to the climate change and the government are committed to reduce the production of greenhouse gasses particular on carbon dioxide. In November 2008, the climate change act became law this is because the government want to reduce carbon dioxide emission CO2 by a minimum of 26% by the year 2020 with a long time goal of 80% reduction by 2050. The scientific evidence shows that 47% of carbon dioxide emission CO2 in the UK come from the energy used in our house and other domestic building e.g. hospital, school and offices. In other to eliminate carbon emissions from the built environment by 2050, we need to start making our building as energy efficient as possible and using on site renewable energy, community scale renewable and decarbonisation of the grid. The UK government has done a lot in other to achieve the commitment of the climate change Act by introducing mandatory energy performance certificate for sale and purchase of new and existing homes, The government banned incandescent light bulbs in favour of energy saving light bulb, introducing the climate change level where businesses must pay additional tax on their use that is non renewable energy and by passing energy act 2008 which introduce measure such as the feed in tariff, smart metering, renewable heat incentive and carbon capture storage. The government even went as far as introducing the renewable obligation whereby all electricity suppliers must provide 10% of the electricity they sell from renewable sources. The issue of the climate change is behind why we arrived on the sustainable development. Sustainable Development Sustainable development has become generally accepted as planning goals in UK, which was defined by Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions London (2000) as; â€Å"The simple initiative of ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come† The intention of the definitions is to achieve social, economic and environmental objectives and at the same time given us more inclusive society by which the benefit of increased economic prosperity are widely shared, with less pollution and more efficient use of natural resources. The key objective of achieving the sustainable development is as follow; The sensible use of natural resources The effective protection of the environment Maintaining high levels of economic growth and employment Social progress that recognises the needs of everyone The sustainable development is a serious matter because need for growth is becoming huge as ever especially in a developing world. At this point of time, the environments are struggling to cope with the current levels of consumptions, e.g. Energy Consumption which is having huge impact on the climate change. The government has to come out with a new way of meeting people’s need, prospect and aspiration to ensure that our economy, society and environment grow and develop in harmony. We should also know that, the design and construction of a building play major role in contributing to the sustainable development. The issues of sustainable development lead us to the sustainable design which concentrates on how individual or groups of building complies with the objective of sustainable development. This is by ensuring that the sustainable designs are; The construction of buildings should minimises the amount of resources they use, including energy, waste and pollution The materials used for construction should be environmentally and eco friendly The existing built fabric should be re-used as far as possible Buildings are energy efficient The issue of sustainable design usually focus on long term benefit rather than short term saving reason is that, sustainable building will cost less to build and has smaller impact on the environment in terms of natural resources that are used during the construction. Literature Review Scope of the Chapter This chapter explains what zero carbon homes is also the sustainable principle and sustainable codes. All relevant building regulations especially Part L 2006 will be looking at in other to accomplish the aim of the project. Analysing case study on the previous project that already achieved code level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Conclusion Research will be on case studies, materials and design of past projects will be discussed and at a later date incorporated it into proposed three bedrooms family house. The discussion on how the building will achieve code level 6 will on be considered in the chapter and the consumption of energy that the house use will also be detailed.

Free Willy! Why We Should Free Captured Whales Essays - Free Essays

Free Willy! Why We Should Free Captured Whales Essays - Free Essays Free Willy! Why We Should Free Captured Whales Many people have heard about Keiko, the killer whale, who starred in the movie Free Willy. After seeing the movie, audiences discovered that the friendly whale in the movie was in a tank too small and in bad health because of that and other complications that come with being taken from its natural habitat to a place where it can't meet it's own needs. Soon a foundation was set u[ and money started pouring in from children and their schools to come up with a plan to one day free Keiko. The tank/habitat cost $7.3 million to build and $9 million for staff, veterinarian, care, food, utilities and other costs for the first two years alone (Oregon Coast Aquarium). With all the problems in the world with humans and animals, it is hard to see this much money going to help just one whale. There are different types of animal stories that people hear about. There are the wonderful stories about adorable animals that do something amazing or need our help. There are also stories about animals that are used in good and bad experiments. When you hear about the treatment of some animals for research, you feel like forgetting about research. One such story was in 1988, three gray whales got stuck in freezing waters in Alaska, the whales were at risk of drowning because the holes in the ice that they were using to breathe were slowly freezing over. a large rescue was put together that ended up involving the National Guard and the U.S. and Soviet governments to get the whales free (Luke 87). Another story is of a mother cat that risked burning to death to save her kittens from a burning building. She and her kittens needed a home, which they got after the news coverage of the amazing act of the mother. The first story is amazing because two separate governments (which haven't been able to get along for the most part of the last 50 years and have only recently started to become friendly) came together to help three animals that needed some outside help. The question is: were the two governments and other groups that helped, really trying to help the whales or get attention for themselves, and say Hey, we are helpful to everyone including animals that can't even ask for help. The news is just as bad as the two governments and groups. the reporters give the animals names, which makes viewers feel like they know the animals involved, so they keep watching to find out what happens. TV is the land of ratings and the only way to get ratings is to grab the audiences' attention, with stories that make audiences have strong emotions about something (Luke 87). The cat and her kittens all got happy homes and the whales were able to go on their way, so in these two cases everything was successf ul. Then there are the more extreme cases of when activists illegally raid research facilities to free animals that are being experimented on. Some of these stories are justified, when the experiments being done and the condition of the animals are discovered. In some cases newborn animals such as monkeys are taken away from their mothers as soon as they are born, and are started on experiments. Some experiments range from implanting devices, electrical cords for stimulation, or a variety of things. These are some of the more extreme cases of experimentation and sometimes groups, such as PETA, step in and take things into their own hands, Illegally (Newkirk). Most people don't think about what it really means to try and release an animal back into the wild and what all needs to be done for the act to take place. People and activists that are saying that the animals should be released aren't thinking about the fact that many of the animals have been in captivity for many years or born in captivity. These animals have been hand fed and not had to worry about predators. They have forgotten how to hunt and protect themselves which, in the wild, are the two main survival needs. The animals have

Comparison between Amazon.com and Borders Books Essay

Comparison between Amazon.com and Borders Books - Essay Example Another concern of the present study is the Borders Books that represents a bookstore publicly held spreading its business through a large number of stores and encountering different stages of business. Thus the current study focuses on the two different companies- Amazon.com and Borders Books- and conducts a learning on their histories, business approaches, management and marketing and how they have gone through their successes and failures and thus try to recommend some policies that might enable the companies to have better marketing conditions. History of Amazon.com and Borders Books: The Amazon.com Company was started in the year 1994 by Jeff Bezos. The origin of the company was in Washington. Bezos’ idea regarding the business was appreciated and investments were supported by Nick Hanauer who was a businessman by profession. Then the company had plans to go online and spread its business. Initially the business was not as shining as it is known to be in the present times . In the early times of its initiation, the website was not very attractively designed and hence lacked the attention of the customers. By the year 1995, a person named Tom Alburg helped the company through further investments and thus the website was designed newly which then started attracting customers. Gradually the company introduced several products and within a short span of time, the company gained huge success as well as profits (The History of Amazon.com, 2011). The history of Borders Books reflects the contribution of several stores of books that include the Borders, Waldenbooks and Brentano's. The Borders Bookstores were started by two brothers, Tom Borders and Louis Borders, in the year 1971. Initially the store was opened in Ann Arbor. Later stores were also opened in Michigan, Atlanta and Indianapolis. Their books were also sold through other booksellers. The first superstore of the company was established in the year 1985. By the year 1988, the Borders bookstores, wh ich later went online, proved to be huge success and delivered efficiently (Peterson, 2012). Business Approach, Management and Marketing of Amazon.com and Borders Books: As far as the business approaches of the two companies are concerned, it has been observed that the Amazon.com and Borders Books both had its focus on the increasing sales and the satisfaction of the customers. While Amazon.com has been found to initially struggle and later on efficiently managed success till the present times, the Borders Books have been found to initially achieve success but later the company failed to maintain its position in the market and lost to bankruptcy. It has been found that the concept of internet marketing was much more effectively understood and utilized by Amazon.com rather than by Borders Books (Volcanic, 2009). Amazon.com had its focus on the customers’ preferences and the manner in which there website could be more attractive to them. Thus initially when the company had rece ived financial assistance it focused on the design of the website that resultantly gained more customers for the company. The company was so concerned with the customers’ satisfaction that they even introduced systems to receive feedback from the customers, thus giving the customers the feeling of being significant. When the company encountered severe losses in 2001, it initiated

An Investigative Study on the Book of Matthew Term Paper

An Investigative Study on the Book of Matthew - Term Paper Example By concentrating on the Jewish tradition, the writer leads to a conclusion that he must have been a Jew and that the book was written in a Jewish community. It is speculated that the book was written in the first century AD. Also, the writer concentrates a lot on the Old Testament prophecies of the coming of Messiah, and this, too, leads to the same conclusion, i.e. that he must have been a Jew. The chronology of the book of Matthew covers a vast spun of time. It dates back before the birth of Jesus Christ, as is revealed by the prophecies, dwells on the life and work of Jesus on the Earth and also touches on the future when Jesus would come again. Scholars have also noted that the book of Matthew borrows a lot from the book of Mark, the writings commonly referred to as the Q-source and Jewish custom material. The original language was Greek. Following the closeness between the book of Matthew and Luke, the conclusion follows that the book was written by Matthew, one of Jesus’ disciples, who was a tax collector (Freeborn 156). David Sim, in his article â€Å"Matthew and the Pauline Corpus,† shows that the writer of this book had much knowledge of the epistles written by Paul. He argues that not only do the scriptures rhyme, but also the scriptures in the book of Matthew speak defensively on various topical issues that are addressed by the Apostle Paul in the epistles. Matthew is portrayed in his writings to be a strict law-obeying Jew, unlike the Apostle Paul, who is depicted as a gentile, by and large arrogant and ignorant of the law. The close comparison brings much of inter-textual relation to the two scriptural contexts. Matthew closely alludes to the ideologies addressed by the Apostle Paul and also borrows a lot from Mark. This is clearly illustrated in the narrative mode of describing Jesus’ lifestyle, and this, to a large extent, supports the thematic concern of inter-textuality (Sim 403). As a matter of fact, the comparison of the book of Matthew and other books written by the disciples simply affirms the possibility that the book was written by a Jew and that this happened after the ministry of Jesus on the Earth. There is a great correlation between the books of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, and much contrast emanates from the epistles of Paul. A close evaluation indicates that just as Mark and Luke, Matthew is a Synoptic. However, critics point out that Matthew happened to live and write before the other gospels were created as a lot is likely to be borrowed from the scriptures of Matthew by the other gospels. However, the gospel, according to the book of John, is clearly distinct and cannot fit in such a comparison (Constable 3-4). Cartel Warren, in his article â€Å"Matthew and the Gentiles,† elaborates further on the purpose of the book as having been meant specifically for the gospel. The book, thus, engages in a very detiled discussion on the contemporary gentile world alluded to in the gospel. The writer highlights some key indicators from the book of Matthew that suggest an already predefined mission of writing the scripture. To begin with, the story of creation found in the book of Genesis is clearly addressed in the opening scripture of Matthew. The sovereignty of God’s purpose for Jesus is clearly depicted here. He compares the purpose of Jesus to Abraham’

Implementation Project for the Role of the Clinical Nurse Leader in Coursework

Implementation Project for the Role of the Clinical Nurse Leader in Palliative Care - Coursework Example In the history of mankind, medical treatment for diseases has undergone radical changes during the recent years and now it encompasses the issues associated with technological advancements, socioeconomic dimensions, palliative care for the terminally ill, management of chronic illness and promotion of health and prevention of diseases. Palliative care is an area in the profession where the nursing professionals play an important role compared to the other medical professionals, and it calls for involvement and dedication on the part of the nurses. The role of the nurses is not limited to providing medical care but extends to psychosocial care taking into consideration the entire gamut of the issues involved in the well being of the patients. The amelioration of the hardships faced by the patients which is predominantly the focal issue of the profession is very complex as it is also related to the psychological conditions, the level knowledge, the social background and the economic co nditions of the patients. It is also important to note that the understanding and support of the family members and friends plays a crucial role in the care given to the patients. Apart from streamlining the day-to-day operations, the most important role of the clinical nurse leader lies in instilling confidence in the minds of the patients in managing their own affairs with less and less dependence on the institutions and the family members or friends through empowering them. This will resolve uncertainties in the relationship, improves the quality of care and satisfaction of the patients. This will also in the long run translate into reduction in length of stay in the hospitals, less dependence on human resources of the hospital, understanding of the practical implications of the treatment for readjusting their mind-set in facing the problems with clarity. This will make the patients to approach the service providers as and when the need arises rather than putting continuous press ure on them. This paper seeks to study the role of the Clinical Nurse Leader in relation to the staff nurses and the nurse extenders in increasing the direct care activities and efficiency in time management with the aim of improvement in patient outcomes in a hospital setup with Palliative Care Division having four wards; one for children, two general wards and one for ICU staffed with medical professionals, nurses and social workers. Mostly, the patients admitted are terminally ill who need palliative and psychosocial care. The diagnoses vary from cancers of various sorts to chronic pancreatitis. The services in respect of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and physiotherapy are provided by the specialists drawn from the other division(s) attached to the hospital based on the requisitions from Palliative Care, apart from the medical professionals attached to the palliative care. The critical areas of study relate to staffing plan, recruitment plan, training, and performance evaluation. It is an accepted principle that delegation of authority is possible, but not delegation of responsibilities. The position of Clinical Nurse Leader calls for greater responsibilities which include the responsibility for the performance of the whole team. Therefore, specific patient or staff outcomes need to be measurable for effective control and management. Though

Community Health Social Care Essay Example for Free

Community Health Social Care Essay Welcome to the Foundation Degree in Community Health and Social Care offered in partnership with a number of Further Education colleges, and validated by the University of Wolverhampton. Foundation Degrees are a vocationally focused higher education qualification located at intermediate level in the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications. This foundation degree has links with local and national employers ensuring that skills are developed through work-based learning, which is a major part of any foundation degree. This combined with higher-level knowledge and understanding reinforces and supports the development of vocational skills. Although the University of Wolverhampton has validated the foundation degree, the study will take place in one of the partner colleges. In the following pages you will find a brief description of the programme, the modules and other information that we think you will find useful. More detailed information about each module will be given by module leaders during your studies. We have also included details of awards that you may wish to progress onto after you complete the foundation degree. We work closely with the course leaders in all colleges. Arrangements will be made for you to visit the University. We look forward to seeing you then. If you have any issues or concerns that you wish to discuss please contact your course leader at your college. 2About this Guide The purpose of this guide is to provide you with information about the modules offered within the Foundation Degree. In addition to the information contained in this Pathway Guide, you will need to be aware of: The University Academic Principles and Regulations, which are available from the university web site. These regulations explain how the credit system operates, and the number of credits that must be studied at different levels in order to qualify for the different awards offered. Each college will arrange their own timetable – the course leader at your college will make you aware of this. All modules on the Foundation Degree in Community Health and Social Care are compulsory. On successful completion of the Foundation Degree, you will be awarded a ‘pass’. The University can also provide you with a formal transcript of your module results if you wish. If you decide to complete end your studies after successfully completing year One, you may be eligible for a Certificate of Higher Education. At the end of this guide you will find information on further study at the University of Wolverhampton. Introduction to the Health and Social Care Subjects The Foundation Degree provides an educational opportunity for undergraduates who come from a variety of backgrounds. The Foundation Degree aims to provide appropriate academic health and social care teaching for a wide variety of students, from across the NHS and the health and social care arena. The award may be studied on a full or part time basis. Full details of this can be found by asking the contact at your local college. We may be able to award some students credits for specific modules if they can demonstrate that they have already met the learning objectives. This is known as Accreditation of Prior Achievement. Please discuss this with the tutor at your college in the first instance. It is expected that all student will have work experience (this can be paid or unpaid) within the Health or Social Care field.

Marxist View Of The Colonialism History Essay

Marxist View Of The Colonialism History Essay European colonial period was the period 1500-1900 in most of the European powers to colonize Africa, America and Asia. Designed to boost the bottom of the first region of the national economy at the expense of rivals, the colonies are usually allowed to deal only with the mother nation. By mid-19th century, the great British Empire as trade restrictions mercantilism and established the principle of free trade, the conditions of the restrictions or charges. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2006 used the word colonialism to describe the process in Europe in other regions of the world, including the Americas, Australia, Africa and parts of Asia settlement and political control. Countries of imperialism and colonialism, constantly discussed because it is difficult to distinguish between these two words distinction, and use this project as a broad concept of colonialism is the dominant 16th-century European political project to the end of the twentieth century, the national liberation movement in the 1960s. The relationship between the colonial force of the majority (or import) and foreign invaders of indigenous minorities. What is the decision, affecting the life of colonial peoples and the implementation of the colonial rulers in pursuit of interests, is usually defined in a distant city. Refused to compromise cultural colonial population, are convinced the settlers and their ordained task, in order to rule out the advantage. [7] Activities that can be called colonialism has a long history. Africa, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans built in the ancient colony from the colonial empires. Metropolis from the Greek metropolis the mother city, colonial word comes from the Latin Cologne grew up. Between 11th and 18th centuries, Vietnamese established military colonies south of their original terrain and immersed the territory, in a procedure known as nam tià ¡Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¿n. Recent colonialism started with the Age of Discovery. Spain and portugal discovered new land built or opened large tracts of land between the ocean and shopping centers. For some people, it is the expansion of other types of construction colonialism colonial characteristics of the other side of the ocean. In this new land was divided between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, and so between the papal bulls and the Treaty of Tordesillas and Zaragoza (1529) of the Treaty. With this commercial revolution. See the late Middle Ages in Italy and the eastern Mediterranean, accounting and banking sector reform. These ideas were adopted, and adapt to the high risk in Western Europe, and return to the colonial enterprise. In the 17th century, the establishment of Dutch colonial empire and the French Empire and the French colonial empire, and later became the British Empire. He also believes that the establishment of colonial empires, colonies abroad in Denmark and Sweden. Reduce the spread of colonial empires in the late 19th century, the United States as early as in 18 of the Revolutionary War and the War of Independence in Latin America. However, the introduction of a new colony, after this period, including the Belgian colonial empire and German colonial empire. And participated in several European powers in the late 19th century, the scramble for Africa. I found, at the same time above the Empire, the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but does not extend over the ocean. In contrast, the traditional route of the invasion of neighboring lands imperial expansion. , However, some of Russias Bering Strait colonial rule in the United States. Empire of Japan itself along the European colonial empires. Overseas Territories in the United States after the Spanish-American War, the American Empire. After World War I, the victors divided the German colonial empire. Many of the Ottoman Empire and between them these tasks Alliance land is divided into three different speed, and believes he will be ready for independence. [11] However, outside the United States until after World War II decolonization delay. In 1962, the United Nations Special Decolonization Committee, and is often referred to as the Committee of 24, in order to facilitate this process. In addition, tens of thousands of the independence movement and the political unity of the global project, the former colonies of the Movement of Non-Aligned key role in the decolonization efforts. Marxist view of colonialism Marxism sights colonialism as a form of capitalism, imposing exploitation and social variation. Marx believed that working within the capitalist world system, the uneven development of colonialism is closely related. A file corruption and large-scale development and system-dependent economic distortions, psychological and social chaos, poverty and the great dependence of neo-colonialism. [16] according to Marxist historians, whether it is in the Western European countries colony, stealing more than half of a normal life, the lack of nutrition citizens. [17] in the colonies and production means. Raw materials and looking for new investment opportunities is the result of the accumulation of capital, competition between capitalism. Lenin, imperialism, colonialism, imperialist monopoly capitalism through colonialism and night Sonja S. He explains: Vladimir Lenin called a firm principle of self-determination of the people in his socialist revolution thesis on the right to self-determinati on of the socialist Internationals plan OLL a key factor, he quoted Lenin that the right of peoples to self-determination, special rights, in the political sense of independence, freedom political separation of the rights of the oppressed countries. more specifically, the demand for political reasons. democracy suggests complete freedom to stir for secession and for a survey on secession by the seceding nation-state. In recent years, scientists have invested less attention to the discussion of colonialism in the Marxist tradition. This decline reflects the influence of Marxism in academic practice and policy. However, Marxism, moved the independence movement of all post-colonial theory and anti-colonial rule over the world. Drew attention to the expansion, helps to explain the concept of European politics after the end of the sustained economic development of direct political rule, and pointed out that the material basis of Marxism. From the point of view of Marxism, a form of imperialism is inevitable. Large population exported to overseas resource-rich land, the countrys industrial products and a reliable source of natural resources to create a market. Or, you can be the weakest countries face the choice between voluntary acceptance of foreign products, is not conducive to work under the influence of the local industry or political, in order to achieve the same goal. Marxs analysis of the progr essive forces of colonialism brought update feudal society like a transparent rationalization of foreign domination. However, his British hegemony account reflects the contradictions of capitalism in Europe. In both cases, the Marx recognized during the transition from feudal society to bourgeois society caused great pain at the same time stressed that the change is necessary and progressive end. He said, the penetration of the trade, lead to a social revolution in India. For Marx, the positive and negative consequences of the disease. Traditional farmers are losing their livelihoods, is a lot of human suffering, but also shows that the traditional rural communities far from ideal, but the site of class oppression and slavery, suffering and cruelty. The first phase of the modernization process is completely negative, because of the poor pay heavy taxes to support the British rule, withstand economic crisis the English cotton production cheaper. Ultimately, however, British merchants began to realize that the Indians can not afford to buy clothes or imports of British administration, if they do not effectively trade in goods, providing incentives for production and investment in infrastructure in the UK. Marx believed that the British ruled greedy and cruel exercise, he feels he is still an agent of progress. Therefore, Marx discussed the British rule in India three aspects: the account of the advanced nature of foreign domination, the critique of the human suffering involved, and the last parameter of the British rule should be temporary, if the evolutionary potential to achieve . Lenins perspective, imperialism clear key. He stressed that imperialism is a way to make the European countries to postpone the inevitable revolutionary crisis exports by countries with weak local economic burden. Lenin said, the economic logic of the reasons advanced capitalist imperialism in the late nineteenth century. Declining margins caused by the economic crisis can not be resolved through regional expansion. Group of capitalism forced to expand in seeking to transcend national boundaries, conquer new markets and resources. In a certain sense, Marxs analysis, see the expansion and the ongoing process of European colonialism in the country and throughout Europe within, which is fully compatible. The thought of Marx and Lenin, imperialism and colonialism led to the same logic, leading to economic development and modernization in the surrounding areas of Europe. But there is an element of the unique analysis, Lenin. Around the state monopoly capitalism since the end of the compet ition in the market take the form of military competition between the countries on Earth can be masters of their own exclusive economic zone.

A Diamond is Forever Essay -- Essays Papers

A Diamond is Forever An Examination into the De Beers Monopoly â€Å"A Diamond is Forever† – is one of the most successful slogans of the twentieth century. The advertising slogan belongs to De Beers, the world’s most successful monopoly of trade. â€Å"A Diamond is Forever† has been the center of De Beers’ effort to establish the stone as the only appropriate gem to symbolize lifetime love and commitment. The slogan, along with the $180 million dollars spent yearly in advertising by De Beers , has been immensely successful as the company continues to remain the leader of its industry – a monopoly of the diamond trade. Control of De Beers: The slogan â€Å"A Diamond is Forever† concentrates on a combination of emotion and status. The true genius of De Beers lies in having created a connection between human love and power with something that has no value at all. You can’t eat a diamond, you can’t drive it home, you can’t make clothes out of it, you can’t build houses out of it, yet people are willing to spend a lot of money on a diamond because they feel a connection that a diamond (and their love, power, and status) will last forever. De Beers’ slogan has and continues to be a success. The idea of engagement continues to result in the purchase of a diamond ring – within three years of the slogan’s arrival on the market an estimated 80% of wedding engagements in the U.S. included diamonds. De Beer’s success comes from the common notion that diamonds are indeed rare and valuable. Until the late nineteenth century, diamonds were only found in a few riverbeds in India and in the jungles of Brazil, and the entire world production of gem quality diamonds amounted to a few pounds a year. This changed when huge diamond mines were discove... ...ss, 1990. Hoovers. â€Å"De Beers Consolidated Mines Limited†. 30 March 2004. IRIN â€Å"Botswana – Diamonds are not Forever.† 28 March 2003. 11 March 2004. Jewelers Circular Keystone. Home Page. March 2004. 30 March 2004 Kelliher Muireann. â€Å"Diamonds are Forever: An Ecometric Investigation†. 30 March 2004

Information Systems Alumni Questionnaire

Figure 4 shows the size of the company. Figure 4: Size of the Company Size of the Company 3% From 1 to 10 employees 61% From 11 to 50 employees 5 From 51 to 100 employees More than 100 employees Most of the alumni who answered the survey (74. 2%) work for a company that is located in Puerco Rich. Figure 5 shows the company location. Figure 5: Company Location Company Location A foreign country Continental USA Puerco Rich 74% The vast majority of the alumni who answered the survey (90. 3%) indicated that the location where they work is in Puerco Rich. Figure 6 shows the distribution.Figure 6:Job Location Job Location 90% 6 Most of the alumni who answered the survey (77%) are male. Figure 7 shows the distribution. Figure 7: Gender Gender 23% Female Male 77% 7 Frequency distributions In this research, two main areas were analyzed. The first area addressed the career and professional accomplishments of the PR-RPR CICS alumni, which purpose is to measure the achievement of the program's o bjectives. The second area addressed the abilities gained from the Information Systems education, which purpose is to measure the achievement of the program's outcomes.Frequency distribution of the objectives of the program Eight career and professional accomplishments statements in the survey have he intention to measure the five objectives of the IGRP-RPR CICS program. Objectives one, two, and five are determined using two different career and professional accomplishment statements. Objectives three and four are evaluated with only one career and professional accomplishment statement. There is one independent variable for each career and professional accomplishment statement.A four-point Liker scale was used to measure each career and professional accomplishment. The scale consists of â€Å"Very frequently', â€Å"Frequently', â€Å"Sometimes†, and â€Å"Never'. From the program's objective perspective, the results show that in a sample of 31 alumni, most who participate d in the study felt that they: Sometimes implement and manage information systems in an organization. Very frequently apply technological, analytical, and critical thinking skills in the solution of problems related to information systems in organizations.Very frequently take into consideration the context in which information systems operate, when implementing and managing these systems. Very frequently maintain his professional expertise by updating his knowledge in technology and information systems. Very frequently perform his functions showing respect and appreciation for ethical values, interpersonal relationships, communication, and team work. Table 1 shows the frequency distribution of the objectives of the PR-RPR CICS program where the sample is 31. Figure 8 shows a column chart of the frequency distribution of the objectives from Table 1 .Frequency distribution of the outcomes of the program There are ten outcomes for the PR-RPR CICS program. Each outcome is understood to be the ability that the alumni developed or gained while studying for their Bachelor's degree. There 8 re ten questions or survey items regarding to those abilities to measure the program's outcomes. Each survey items from this section helps assess the effectiveness of the PR-RPR CICS program's achievement of an outcome of the program. There is one independent variable for each statement that measures the abilities developed from the Information Systems education.A four-point Liker scale was used to evaluate each of the ten statements addressing the abilities gained from the Information Systems education. The scale consists of â€Å"Highly effective†, â€Å"Very effective†, â€Å"Moderately effective†, and â€Å"Not effective†. From the program's outcomes perspective, the results show that in a sample of 31 alumni, most who participate in the study felt that they are: Highly effective in the ability to analyze an operation within an organization, identify problems and make recommendations to solve these problems.Very effective in the ability to select or design a system to solve the problems identified in an operation. Very effective in the ability to plan and supervise the implementation of a system that solves the problems identified in an operation. Very effective in the ability to use current techniques, skills, tools and best raciest to design, implement and manage information systems. Very effective in the ability to understand the impact that organizational, local and global environments have in the implementation and management of information systems.Both highly effective and very effective in the ability to value the protection of information system resources in an organization, and to identify ways in which this protection can be achieved. Highly effective in the ability to be aware of the high level of change in the Information Systems field, and the need to use different mechanisms to update your knowledge. Highly effect ive in the ability to recognize the importance of ethical values and interpersonal relationships in an information systems professional.

How Does Fatigue Affect Labour Productivity

1) How does fatigue affect Labour Productivity? Fatigue affects labour productivity by impairing the ability of a worker to carry out his/her required duties as expected and in a safe manner. With increase in fatigue comes a reduction in muscular strength, attention to details and loss of concentration. A worker or employee who is gradually losing strength, losing concentration and not giving attention to details is usually more prone to mistakes and would not be able to work at his/her optimum level.Fatigue has also been known to affect employee health. A common example is Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), which is a debilitating chronic illness affecting various people worldwide (Lin et. Al. , 2011). Those affected endure chronic, incapacitating physical and mental fatigue that is not relieved by rest. This illness is exacerbated by physical or mental exertion and is accompanied by impaired memory and concentration, unrefreshing sleep, muscle and joint pain, and other defining sympto ms (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov).It doesn’t require rocket science to assert that an employee/worker whose health is adversely affected would never perform any given task to satisfaction. 2) Major factors that contribute to increase in fatigue in workers. * Working conditions * Noise: Wokocha and Sopruchi (2010) in their study explained that noise effects are both health and behavioural in nature. He further said that unwanted sound can damage Physiological and psychological health. And any worker whose health is affected cannot perform any given task properly.Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, fatigue, make conversation difficult as well as leads to productivity losses due to poor concentration. * Heat stress: heat stress occurs when the body takes in and/or produces more heat than it gives off, thus raising the core body temperature beyond normal. It could happen due to the combinati on of high air temperature, high humidity, high radiation heat input, high energy expenditure (due to physical workload) and high metabolism (Groover, 2007).Heat usually hampers the ability of an employee to work efficiently. * Cold * Humidity * General state of health of employees * Nature of work * Posture during work * Muscular exertion * Tediousness * Stress * Repetitiveness with a short cycle. * Jobs that require high concentrations * Eye strain ( Kanawaty, 1992) 3) How the use of machines negatively affect workers The use of machines especially in manufacturing industries is usually accompanied with noise, vibration, monotony, and high concentration on the part of the workers who use them.The accumulated effects of vibrations usually affect the hands and the arms; monotony creates boredom and a job that requires a high level of concentration usually requires a lot of energy. All these contribute to a gradual reduction in muscular strength and an increase in fatigue; as fatigue increases, attention and concentration decreases, making the worker more prone to injuries and a subsequent loss in productivity. 4) The reasons for giving workers more relaxation allowances for using some machines while others require less.More relaxation allowance| Less relaxation allowance| 1) Partial or complete absence of noise reduction components on machines| Presence of noise reduction components on machines. | 2) A high level of machine vibration| A considerable level of machine vibration| 3) Attention not given to reduction of vibration and noise. | Ergonomically built machines with attention given to noise and vibration reductions. | | | References. Jin-Mann S Lin, Stephen C Resch, Dana J Brimmer, Andrew Johnson, Stephen Kennedy, Nancy Burstein and Carol J Simon(2011).The economic impact of chronic fatigue syndrome in Georgia: direct and indirect costs. Journal of Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. Volume 9. Retrieved from http://www. resource-allocation. com/co ntent/9/1/1 on 15/11/2012 Wokocha G. A. and Sopruchi Ihenko (2010). Industrial Noise Level and its Impact on Oil Company Workers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Middle Eastern Finance and Economics ISSN: 1450-2889 Issue 8. Retrieved from http://www. eurojournals. com/MEFE. htm on 15/11/2012. Groover, M. P. (2007). Work Systems and The Methods; Measurement and Management of Work. pp 661